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1) The condition necessary for the formation of a thunderstorm are:
a) Steep lapse rate, strong winds
b) Shallow lapse rate, adequate supply of moisture
c) Steep lapse rate, adequate supply of moisture and trigger action.
Explanation: Thunderstorm formation requires a steep lapse rate for rapid temperature decrease with altitude, sufficient moisture, and a trigger such as surface heating or lifting mechanism.
2) Hail is most likely to fall from a cloud
a) Having layers
b) Composed of Ice crystals
c) Having strong vertical development
Explanation: Hail forms in cumulonimbus clouds with strong vertical development, allowing ice particles to grow by repeated updrafts before falling as hailstones.
3) Norwesters are
a) The western disturbances which affect NW India
b) Severe thunderstorms which occur over NE India during hot weather period
c) Severe thunderstorms which occur over Peninsula during hot weather period
Explanation: Norwesters, or “Kal Baisakhi,” are violent pre-monsoon thunderstorms affecting northeastern India, often bringing rain and high winds.
4) Dust Storm usually occurs over NW India during
a) Post-monsoon
b) Winter
c) Pre-Monsoon
Explanation: Pre-monsoon conditions in NW India favor dust storms due to high temperatures, strong winds, and dry conditions lifting dust into the air.
5) A 'mature' thunderstorm has
a) updraft only
b) downdraft only
c) updrafts and downdrafts
Explanation: In the mature stage of a thunderstorm, both updrafts and downdrafts coexist, producing heavy rain, hail, and possibly lightning due to strong vertical movement.
6) Aircraft icing is most favoured in the cloud which have temperatures ranging between
a) ­20° C and ­40° C
b) 0° C and -20° C
c) below ­40 ° C
Explanation: Icing is most likely in clouds with temperatures between 0°C and -20°C, where supercooled liquid droplets are common and can freeze on contact with the aircraft.
7) A short duration, showery precipitation is associated with
a) ST
b) AS
c) CB
Explanation: Cumulonimbus (CB) clouds are known for short, intense bursts of precipitation, often in the form of showers.
8) Hail is
a) Solid precipitation which commonly occurs over the mountainous regions in winter.
b) Frozen or partly frozen rain falling from sheet type of clouds
c) Solid precipitation falling from a deep convective cloud
Explanation: Hail forms in deep convective clouds like Cumulonimbus due to intense updrafts that carry particles to freezing levels.
9) The most hazardous cloud for aviation is
a) CB
b) CU
c) NS
Explanation: Cumulonimbus (CB) clouds pose the most significant hazards, with risks of thunderstorms, severe turbulence, icing, and hail.
10) The life of a Cb cell is usually
a) 7 to 8 hrs
b) 3 to 4 hrs
c) 2 - 3 hr
Explanation: A typical Cumulonimbus (CB) cell has a lifespan of about 2 to 3 hours, going through the stages of formation, maturity, and dissipation.
11) Generally the severest activity of a heat type thunderstorm (TS) is for
a) 2 hrs
b) 30 to 45 min
c) 3 to 4 hr
Explanation: Heat-type thunderstorms typically exhibit the most severe activity in their mature stage, lasting around 30 to 45 minutes.
12) Norwesters occur during
a) Jan-Feb
b) Mar-May
c) June-Sep
d) Oct ­ Dec
Explanation: Norwesters, known for severe thunderstorms, usually occur during the pre-monsoon months from March to May in India.
13) Norwesters occur during
a) Winter
b) Hot weather
c) Monsoon
d) Post Monsoon
Explanation: Norwesters are violent thunderstorms occurring during the hot weather season, typically March to May.
14) Norwesters affect
a) N India
b) Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Assam
c) Central India
Explanation: Norwesters are prevalent in northeastern India, affecting regions such as Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Assam.
15) The trigger action may take place due to
a) Clear night sky with no wind
b) Orographic lifting
c) High pressure
Explanation: Orographic lifting can trigger thunderstorms by forcing air to rise over mountainous terrain, cooling and condensing moisture to form clouds.
16) Norwesters normally occur during
a) Mornings
b) Afternoons
c) Nights
Explanation: Norwesters typically develop in the afternoons when surface heating is maximum, leading to convection.
17) Norwesters originate over
a) Chota - Nagpur hills
b) Deccan Plateau
c) Khasi hills
Explanation: Norwesters typically originate from the Chota Nagpur plateau region, where local weather conditions favor their formation.
18) Andhi (blinding storms) occur generally over
a) S India
b) N India
c) NE India
Explanation: Andhi storms, characterized by high winds and reduced visibility, commonly occur in northern India, especially during the pre-monsoon season.
19) Wind speed in Light Dust Storm (DS) is
a) 25 kt
b) 30 kt
c) up to 21 kt
Explanation: A Light Dust Storm typically has wind speeds upto 21 knots, causing visibility reduction but not as severe as higher-intensity storms.
20) The diameter of a Microburst is
a) less than 4 km
b) less than 2 km
c) less than 6 km
Explanation: Microbursts typically have diameters of less than 4 kilometers, creating intense downdrafts that can affect aircraft during takeoff and landing.
21) The diameter of a Macroburst is
a) less than 4 km
b) 4 km or more
c) > 8 km
Explanation: Macrobursts are larger than microbursts, with diameters of 4 kilometers or more, producing significant downdrafts and hazardous wind shear.
22) For detecting precipitation, a Radar wavelength in the range ... is suitable
a) 30 to 200 mm
b) 400-500 mm
c) 600-700 mm
Explanation: Radar systems designed for precipitation detection typically operate within a wavelength range of 30 to 200 mm, allowing for effective measurement of rainfall and storm characteristics.
23) For airborne radars, wavelength generally used
a) 20 mm
b) 40 mm
c) 60 mm
Explanation: Airborne radars commonly utilize a wavelength of around 60 mm to effectively detect weather phenomena such as precipitation and turbulence.
24) The wavelength of TS detection X band radar is
a) 10 mm
b) 20 mm
c) 30 mm
Explanation: The X-band radar used for thunderstorm detection typically operates at a wavelength of 30 mm, allowing for high-resolution data on storm characteristics.
25) The wavelength of storm detection S band radar is
a) 50 mm
b) 100 mm
c) 200 mm
Explanation: The S-band radar used for storm detection typically operates at a wavelength of 100 mm, providing effective coverage for weather monitoring.
26) Over plains, TS mostly occur during the
a) afternoon
b) night
c) early morning
Explanation: Thunderstorms (TS) over plains typically develop during the afternoon when surface heating is at its peak, leading to enhanced convection.
27) Over valley and foothills, TS generally occur during
a) afternoon
b) night and early morning
Explanation: Thunderstorms (TS) in valley and foothill regions tend to occur at night and in the early morning due to the cooling of the land and the convergence of airflows, which can enhance uplift.
28) Over the sea, TS are more frequent
a) afternoon
b) night
c) early morning
Explanation: Thunderstorms (TS) over the sea are more frequent in the night due to increased nocturnal heating, which leads to more storm development.
29) The life of a Mesoscale Convective Complex TS is
a) 2-3 hr
b) 3-4 hr
c) 6 to 24 hr
Explanation: The life span of a Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC) thunderstorm can range from 6 to 24 hours due to its organized nature and the presence of a larger area of convection.
30) Loud peals of thunder, frequent flashes of lightning, moderate or heavy showers accompanied by light hail with maximum wind speed 15­40 kt is classified as
a) Light TS
b) Moderate TS
c) Severe TS
Explanation: A thunderstorm classified as moderate typically features loud thunder, frequent lightning, moderate to heavy precipitation, and winds of 15-40 knots.
31) For a severe TS, one of the requirements is strong wind shear
a) Horizontal
b) Vertical
c) Slant
Explanation: Strong vertical wind shear is a critical factor in the development of severe thunderstorms, as it helps to organize storm structure and enhance updraft strength.
32) Severe TS cells are tilted
a) in vertical
b) to the South
c) to the North
Explanation: Severe thunderstorm cells are typically tilted in a vertical orientation, allowing for sustained updrafts and the separation of precipitation from the updraft.
33) When flying through an active TS, lightning strikes are most likely
a) Above 5000 ft and under the anvil
b) In the clear air below the cloud in rain
c) In the temperature band between +10 C and -10 C
d) At or above 10000 ft
Explanation: Lightning strikes are most likely to occur between +10 c and -10 c of an active thunderstorm due to the high concentration of charge in this region.
34) Hazards of the mature stage of a TS Cell include lightning, turbulence and
a) Microburst, wind-shear and anvil
b) Icing, microburst and WS
c) Icing, drizzle and microburst
d) WS, hail and fog
Explanation: The mature stage of a thunderstorm cell is characterized by significant hazards including lightning, turbulence, microbursts, WS effects.
35) Hail grows by
a) Freezing as it leaves the cloud
b) Up and down forces in CU cloud
c) Collision with ice crystals
d) Collision with supercooled water drops
Explanation: Hail forms primarily by colliding with supercooled water droplets within a thunderstorm, allowing layers of ice to accumulate and grow.

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